Lifestyle changes not sufficient for type 5 diabetes

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A new type of diabetes was recently recognised by the International Diabetes Federation, called Type 5 Diabetes.

Different from type 1 and type 2, type 5 diabetes, also known as 'Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young,' mostly affects children for genetic reasons. Since it is rare, it often goes undiagnosed in India.

Type 5 diabetes is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in a single gene, the HNF1B gene. It usually begins at a younger age and affects more than just blood sugar. It also spreads to organs like the kidneys, pancreas, and reproductive system. Type 5 diabetes is inherited and typically presents at a younger age. 

Besides the kidneys, the genetic disease also affects the reproductive system. It is frequently misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2, since it mimics the symptoms of both forms.

Diet and exercise are important, but type 5 almost always requires medication to control blood sugar and protect organ function. 

New treatment options are being explored, such as GLP-1 medicines like liraglutide that may help some patients by boosting insulin production, even if their organs are not fully developed.